Structures of Astaxanthin and Their Consequences for Therapeutic Application

Brotosudarmo, Tatas Hardo Panintingjati and Limantara, Leenawaty and Setiyono, Edi and Heriyanto, Heriyanto (2020) Structures of Astaxanthin and Their Consequences for Therapeutic Application. International Journal of Food Science. pp. 1-16.

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Abstract

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are continuously generated as a by-product of normal aerobic metabolism. Elevated ROS formation leads to potential damage of biological structures and is implicated in various diseases. Astaxanthin, a xanthophyll carotenoid, is a secondary metabolite responsible for the red-orange color of a number of marine animals and microorganisms. There is mounting evidence that astaxanthin has powerful antioxidant, anti-infl ammatory, and antiapoptotic activities. Hence, its consumption can result in various health benefi ts, with potential for therapeutic application. Astaxanthin contains both a hydroxyl and a keto group, and this unique structure plays important roles in neutralizing ROS. The molecule quenches harmful singlet oxygen, scavenges peroxyl and hydroxyl radicals and converts them into more stable compounds, prevents the formation of free radicals, and inhibits the autoxidation chain reaction. It also acts as a metal chelator and converts metal prooxidants into harmless molecules. However, like many other carotenoids, astaxanthin is aff ected by the environmental conditions, e.g., pH, heat, or exposure to light. It is hence susceptible to structural modifi cation, i.e., via isomerization, aggregation, or esterifi cation, which alters its physiochemical properties. Here, we provide a concise overview of the distribution of astaxanthin in tissues, and astaxanthin structures, and their role in tackling singlet oxygen and free radicals. We highlight the eff ect of structural modifi cation of astaxanthin molecules on the bioavailability and biological activity. These studies suggested that astaxanthin would be a promising dietary supplement for health applications

Item Type:	Artikel
Subjects:	Q Science > Q Science (General)
Divisions:	Universitas Pembangunan Jaya
Depositing User:	Admin Repository
Date Deposited:	28 Apr 2023 03:14
Last Modified:	28 Apr 2023 03:14
URI:	http://eprints.upj.ac.id/id/eprint/4971

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